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The acquisition of emotion words is critical to children's socio-emotional development. Previous studies report that children acquire emotion words gradually during ages 3-5 and beyond. The majority of this work, however, has used demanding tasks for young children (e.g., asking children to label emotion-related facial configurations) and has predominantly relied on facial configurations. Here we designed a child-friendly, word-comprehension task incorporating both facial configurations and body language. In two preregistered online experiments, we asked two to four-year-olds (N = 96) to connect emotion words-happy, sad, angry, and scared-to either facial configurations (Experiment 1) or combined facial and body cues (Experiment 2). We found relatively early competence in understanding emotion words, especially those of the same-valence. All age groups, including 2-year-olds, successfully linked emotion words to corresponding facial configurations (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated this pattern and further showed that children performed equally well (though not substantially better) when given additional body cues. Parental reports of children's exposure to and use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic did not correlate with children's performance in either experiment. Even before children can produce emotion words in an adult-like manner, they possess at least a partial understanding of those words and can map them to emotion cues within valence domains. © 2023 University of California Press. All rights reserved.
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INTER/her is an immersive installation and virtual reality artwork highlighting (post)reproductive diseases that women over 30 frequently experience, including endometriosis, fibroids, polyps, ovarian and other cysts and growths, as well as the more serious cervical, ovarian, uterine and endometrial cancers. The artwork presents an , intimate immersive journey within the inner world of women's bodies, exposing the diseases they can suffer. INTER/her is intended as a personal exploration, conversation starter and community builder. This article discusses the development experience, exhibition and discoveries from INTER/her since its inception to the present. It explores the nature, staging and significance of the piece and what is implicated for future work in this area for art, design and research. It reveals the design process, visual and narrative elements made to represent, convey and understand the emotional and bodily/sensorial experience intended for visitors, as well as the visual metaphors representing the different organs and ailments. It covers the collaborative approach of the design team, using various technologies and the storytelling techniques used in the work during the lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic, from autumn 2020 to May 2021. © 2022 Intellect Ltd Article. English language.
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Purpose: This study aims to explore the influence of different types of cleanliness information provided on the Airbnb platform (hosts' sanitation labels, Airbnb cleaning protocol and previous guests' reviews) on guests' trust and behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses an online scenario-based experimental design. A two-step approach was applied to discover the proposed relationships by assessing the measurement model fit and validity of the constructs with confirmatory factor analysis and testing study hypotheses with structural equation modeling. Findings: The results demonstrate that three types of cleanliness information (i.e. provided by Airbnb's hosts, platform and customer reviews) had statistically significant effects on customers' trust and behavioral intentions. Practical implications: The research results provide practical recommendations for Airbnb hosts and peer-to-peer accommodation platforms on using several types of textual and visual cleanliness information to influence guests' attitudes and behavioral intentions. Originality/value: This study advances knowledge by introducing new factors affecting guests' trust and behavioral intentions in peer-to-peer accommodation settings and differentiating the effects of different sources of cleanliness information and different types of guests' trust.
ABSTRACT
INTER/her: Intimate Journey inside the Female Body is an immersive installation and Virtual Reality artwork focussing on post-reproductive diseases that for women over 30 can often experience, including: endometriosis, fibroids, polyps, ovarian and other cysts, as well as more serious cervical, ovarian, uterine and endometrial cancers. The project is an intimate immersive exploration of the inner world of women's bodies and the reproductive diseases they can suffer. The focus of INTER/her is on female health intended to enable personal exploration, as a conversation starter, and as a community builder. This article discusses the creative methods, design process, and tools for making the multimodal interaction used in the INTER/her artwork, exploring their nature, value, and significance within the project, and what they implicate for future work and research in this area of art and design. It will discuss the making, expression and narrative elements used to represent, explore, and understand the emotional and bodily/sensorial experience designed for visitors, as well as the meaning making through metaphors used to represent different organs and ailments. It will cover the collaborative development of the team using various technologies and storytelling approaches guiding the making and communication during the 2nd lockdown of the COVID pandemic in the UK. This work was not initiated or made as a research project, but some of the outcomes have implications and potential impact on future virtual reality design and research, and hopefully policy changes for women's health. © 2023 The Author(s).
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The need for status has been recognized as a significant consumer motive. Although the literature discusses the main antecedents of guests' attitudes and behavioral intentions, the phenomenon of status-seeking in the theme park context has not received enough empirical attention. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic altered guests' attitudes, and safety-related procedures became the most important antecedents of attitudes and behavioral intentions. This study aims to explore the effects of the perceived status of the visit and safety measures undertaken by theme parks on guests' attitudes and visit intentions by using experimental design. The results indicate that the perceived status of the visit positively influences guests' attitudes and visit intentions, while safety measures undertaken by theme parks have significant effects on guests' perceptions.
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Glucocorticoids are regularly used as biomarkers of relative health for individuals and populations. Around the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), baleen whales have and continue to experience threats, including commercial harvest, prey limitations and habitat change driven by rapid warming, and increased human presence via ecotourism. Here, we measured demographic variation and differences across the foraging season in blubber cortisol levels of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) over two years around the WAP. Cortisol concentrations were determined from 305 biopsy samples of unique individuals. We found no significant difference in the cortisol concentration between male and female whales. However, we observed significant differences across demographic groups of females and a significant decrease in the population across the feeding season. We also assessed whether COVID-19-related reductions in tourism in 2021 along the WAP correlated with lower cortisol levels across the population. The decline in vessel presence in 2021 was associated with a significant decrease in humpback whale blubber cortisol concentrations at the population level. Our findings provide critical contextual data on how these hormones vary naturally in a population over time, show direct associations between cortisol levels and human presence, and will enable comparisons among species experiencing different levels of human disturbance.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humpback Whale , Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Hydrocortisone , Antarctic Regions , SeasonsABSTRACT
SESSION TITLE: What Lessons Will We Take From the Pandemic? SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Original Inv PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 11:15 am - 12:15 pm PURPOSE: Since the emergence of COVID-19, many serious complications have arisen especially in the setting of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in the intensive care unit. Historically, ARDS and mechanical ventilation is associated with higher rates of pneumothorax. It has been well described that ARDS is the result of inflammatory lung injury, with increased activation of circulating neutrophils, complement and proinflammatory mediators leading to loss of surfactant, alveolar atelectasis, and fibrin deposition. This leads to a less compliant lung parenchyma, and higher airway pressures, which has been attributed as a risk factor for pneumothorax. The management of pneumothorax varies depending on the etiology of the pneumothorax. In the case of iatrogenic pneumothorax (i.e. mechanical ventilation), tube thoracostomy is generally recommended, however the size of the chest tube inserted remains less clear. METHODS: This is a multi-center retrospective cohort study of 88 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum between the dates of 3/11/2020 to 01/26/2021. Patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory and hemodynamic data were collected as well as ventilator settings, lung mechanics, and clinical patient outcome data including type of intervention and rate of resolution of pneumothorax. Final statistical analysis is pending. RESULTS: Our preliminary results reveal that there was a higher rate of resolution of pneumothorax with a large bore chest tube (LBCT) compared to a small bore chest tube (SBCT). There was no significant difference in lung compliance or tidal volume in cc/kg between the patients with a resolving pneumothorax compared to the patients with a nonresolving pneumothorax. Overall mortality rate among all patients was 70.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a large bore chest tube placed are more likely to have resolution of pneumothorax compared to small bore chest tube or serial X-ray. Lung compliance and tidal volume were not significantly different between patients that had a resolving pneumothorax compared to nonresolving pneumothorax. It is important to manage a pneumothorax early on to reduce associated morbidity. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The development of pneumothorax in COVID patients with ARDS has significant associated morbidity and mortality. Utilization of a large bore chest tube may result in improved rates of resolution of pneumothorax. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Nathalie Antonios No relevant relationships by Colby Baker No relevant relationships by Jessica Johnson No relevant relationships by Karen Sayad
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Purpose This study aims to explore the influence of different types of cleanliness information provided on the Airbnb platform (hosts' sanitation labels, Airbnb cleaning protocol and previous guests' reviews) on guests' trust and behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach This study uses an online scenario-based experimental design. A two-step approach was applied to discover the proposed relationships by assessing the measurement model fit and validity of the constructs with confirmatory factor analysis and testing study hypotheses with structural equation modeling. Findings The results demonstrate that three types of cleanliness information (i.e. provided by Airbnb's hosts, platform and customer reviews) had statistically significant effects on customers' trust and behavioral intentions. Practical implications The research results provide practical recommendations for Airbnb hosts and peer-to-peer accommodation platforms on using several types of textual and visual cleanliness information to influence guests' attitudes and behavioral intentions. Originality/value This study advances knowledge by introducing new factors affecting guests' trust and behavioral intentions in peer-to-peer accommodation settings and differentiating the effects of different sources of cleanliness information and different types of guests' trust.
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The COVID-19 pandemic poses grave threats to the life and health of asylum seekers in Europe. Many potential asylees are forced to reside in cramped, unsanitary facilities and do not have adequate access to medical treatment. On top of these dangers, many are likely to be denied asylum due to the stringency of international refugee law and European Union ("EU") asylum procedures. As a result, a number of these asylum seekers will turn to Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides broader non-refoulement protections. However, even Article 3, as currently interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights ("ECtHR"), is unlikely to protect the majority of these asylum seekers. This article proposes ways in which the ECtHR may refine its health-based non-refoulement jurisprudence to protect more individuals. It concludes that the Court may retain its current high standard for qualifying for health-based non-refoulement and provide relief for individuals who contract COVID-19 while detained by EU member states during the asylum application process. Significantly, the ECtHR should hold that EU member states who detain asylum seekers and thereby expose them to COVID-19 have assumed a duty toward them and may not refoule them for the duration of their illness and its lingering health effects.
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Background: With the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, in the UK guidance on shielding to protect vulnerable individuals included minimising face-to-face (FTF) contact and visits to hospital for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). We undertook a UK-wide survey to study how CF centres adapted their practice during this time. Method: We contacted CF nurses to explore service changes to routine outpatient care, emergency consultations, annual reviews (AR), and use of remote monitoring between March - July 2020. Results: Nineteen centres (13 adult) caring for 34% of the UK CF population replied (response rate 35%). Eleven (58%) ceased routine FTF appointments until virtual clinics were implemented, in 1 centre solely by telephone. Six centres suspended AR, the remainder integrating them into virtual or emergency FTF appointments. All noted reduction in hospital admission rates, citing better treatment compliance, reluctance to admission, effect of shielding and initiation of CFTR modulators. Twelve centres (63%) reported increased demand for psychology input. Departmental spirometry was only performed at F2Fclinics and all centres distributed remote spirometry devices to suitable pwCF, with training delivered F2F or remotely. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings continued virtually at all centres. Fourteen (73%) reported an increase in home visits for blood tests and IV antibiotic management. To cope, 20% reduced support visits and extended TIVAD flush duration intervals. Nine continued existing research activity. Most centres reported initial technical issues with virtual clinics that were subsequently addressed and have incorporated virtual appointments into their care. Conclusions: Despite need for rapid service change, all centres continued to support their pwCF. Virtual clinics and MDT meetings were adopted by all centres within the UK and this service will strengthen in time.
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This paper reports on a post Covid-19 clinic within an acute hospital environment. Of the 155 patients who attended clinic, 29 per cent required additional psychological support. We outline the psychological wellbeing and psychological care pathways identified for patients. © 2021, British Psychological Society. All rights reserved.
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Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) poses a risk for health care workers necessitating modifications to existing medical pathways. In particular, managing patients with suspected COVID-19 represents a risk to the delivery of a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) pathway where time-dependent revascularization is key. Methods: We sought to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on an established ambulance-triggered PPCI program involving 2 high-volume heart attack centers in London, United Kingdom. A systematic analysis was performed in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PPCI comparing the COVID-19 pandemic period March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, with a control group from the previous year. Results: During the study period, admissions through the PPCI pathway decreased by 34%. The time from symptoms onset to first call for help (2020: 11 min vs. 2019: 12 min;p = 0.90) and from symptom onset to arrival at PPCI center (2020: 183 min vs. 2019: 178 min;p = 0.99) were comparable;however, the time from arrival at PPCI center to revascularization decreased (2020: 44 min vs. 2019: 53 min;p = 0.0004). In-hospital mortality during the study period was significantly lower (5% vs. 15%;p = 0.04). COVID-19–positive patients (n = 8) had higher rates of cardiogenic shock (25%), intensive care unit admission (50%), and inpatient mortality (38%). [Formula presented] Conclusion: Our data show that the modifications to the existing PPCI pathway were not associated with treatment delay or adverse outcome. The reduction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presentations raises concern that patients may not be seeking appropriate medical attention for chest pain. Importantly, we demonstrate that PPCI can be delivered safely and efficiently during the COVID-19 pandemic. Categories: OTHER: COVID-19
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Introduction La pandémie à COVID-19 a touché presque tous les pays du monde, dont la France. Tous les départements français ont ouvert des unités dédiées pour la gestion de la phase aiguë de l’épidémie. Au sein de notre site, notre structure a été la seule à accueillir une unité pour gérer des patients confirmés COVID-19 positifs. En l’absence de soins intensifs sur place, ces patients étaient triés au SAU et ne venaient que les patients sans indication de soins intensifs en raison du bénéfice/risque attendu (âge, comorbidités). Pour activer cette unité, une équipe mutualisée a été mise en place que ce soit au niveau du personnel médical PM (seniors, internes, externes) que personnel non médical (PNM) détachés des services de médecine interne, pédiatrie, médecine du sport, consultation, endocrinologie, hépatologie de notre CHU. Un support psychologique a été proposé aux soignants et aux familles par une équipe mobile de psychiatrie. L’activité quotidienne a été réorganisée après la création de plusieurs binômes junior-senior, en service de 8h à 19h, 7 j/7. La continuité des soins a été assurée chaque jour par 3 staffs pour permettre respectivement les transmissions de la nuit entre PM et PNM ;l’état des lieux après la visite du matin ;les projets pour le lendemain. Tous les patients ont été réévalués chaque jour et réorientés selon une échelle de gravité structurée par 5 codes-couleurs. Les externes ont eu pour mission de contacter les familles du fait de la limitation des visites, ainsi que les médecins traitants afin d’améliorer la gestion après le RAD. Les patients ont été traités par oxygénothérapie et protocoles d’antibiothérapie et morphine. Matériels et méthodes Analyse descriptive des données personnelles, de la mortalité brute et des issues de l’hospitalisation. Résultats Entre le 13 mars et le 19 mai, 147 patients, 56 % d’eux de sexe féminin, ont été hospitalisés dans cette unité d’une capacité maximale de 25 lits. L’âge moyen était de 69 ans [18 ;97]. La durée moyenne du séjour a été de 5jours [0 : 29]. La mortalité totale était du 20,4 %, dont 51 % des patients sont rentrés vers leur domicile ou vers des EHPAD. Ensuite, 14,3 % des patients ont été transférés vers un autre service de médecine aiguë, et 12,2 % des patients a poursuit les soins dans un SSR. Conclusion L’organisation de ce service montre comme une équipe de PM et PNM avec fonds de travail différentes peut être rapidement mise en place pendant une période de crise. La présence d’un service dédié à la gestion des cas de COVID-19 sans indication à soins intensifs peut soulager des autres services au sein d‘un groupe hospitalier qui travaille en coordination. La mortalité des patients hospitalisés dans ce service reste baisse considérant les comorbidités et l’âge des patients. La durée courte du séjour a permis d’accueillir un grand nombre de patients et de garantir de places en médecine aiguë standard au sein du GH.